Impact by country
Belgium
- €3.7bn
- 10-year exposure, Medium scenario
- €2.5bn
- One-off migration cost, Medium
- €93m/yr
- Recurring price effect, Medium
Cost per person in the working-age labour force
Per economically active person (age 20–64), 10-year horizon
| Measure | Narrow | Medium | Broad |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-year total economic exposure | €248 | €709 | €1,339 |
| Effect on the real GDP level | -€18 | -€72 | -€164 |
Annual recurring cloud-service price effects
€ million, 2025 expenditure base
Sector
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €24m | €118m | €237m |
| Medium | €29m | €145m | €289m |
| Broad | €32m | €158m | €316m |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €21m | €106m | €211m |
| Medium | €64m | €322m | €644m |
| Broad | €141m | €705m | €1.4bn |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €45m | €224m | €448m |
| Medium | €93m | €467m | €934m |
| Broad | €173m | €863m | €1.7bn |
Migration and systems-redesign costs
Present value of one-off transition costs, € billion
Sector
Ordinary public support
€ million, public sector
Transition scarcity costs
Present value, € million, public and private sectors combined
Downstream ICT-vendor exposure
Domestic vendors affected, and annual value added at risk
- 2
- Narrow – vendor equivalents affected
- 7
- Medium – vendor equivalents affected
- 15
- Broad – vendor equivalents affected
- €32m
- Narrow – annual value added at risk
- €127m
- Medium – annual value added at risk
- €290m
- Broad – annual value added at risk
Combined delayed cloud and AI benefits
€ billion, forgone productivity gains