Impact by country
Hungary
- €2.6bn
- 10-year exposure, Medium scenario
- €1.7bn
- One-off migration cost, Medium
- €70m/yr
- Recurring price effect, Medium
Cost per person in the working-age labour force
Per economically active person (age 20–64), 10-year horizon
| Measure | Narrow | Medium | Broad |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-year total economic exposure | €179 | €542 | €1,069 |
| Effect on the real GDP level | -€4 | -€16 | -€36 |
Annual recurring cloud-service price effects
€ million, 2025 expenditure base
Sector
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €15m | €74m | €148m |
| Medium | €19m | €94m | €187m |
| Broad | €21m | €104m | €208m |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €17m | €85m | €169m |
| Medium | €52m | €259m | €517m |
| Broad | €113m | €566m | €1.1bn |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €32m | €159m | €318m |
| Medium | €70m | €352m | €704m |
| Broad | €134m | €670m | €1.3bn |
Migration and systems-redesign costs
Present value of one-off transition costs, € billion
Sector
Ordinary public support
€ million, public sector
Transition scarcity costs
Present value, € million, public and private sectors combined
Downstream ICT-vendor exposure
Domestic vendors affected, and annual value added at risk
- 1
- Narrow – vendor equivalents affected
- 6
- Medium – vendor equivalents affected
- 13
- Broad – vendor equivalents affected
- €28m
- Narrow – annual value added at risk
- €112m
- Medium – annual value added at risk
- €256m
- Broad – annual value added at risk
Combined delayed cloud and AI benefits
€ billion, forgone productivity gains