Impact by country
Netherlands
- €6.9bn
- 10-year exposure, Medium scenario
- €4.9bn
- One-off migration cost, Medium
- €159m/yr
- Recurring price effect, Medium
Cost per person in the working-age labour force
Per economically active person (age 20–64), 10-year horizon
| Measure | Narrow | Medium | Broad |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-year total economic exposure | €289 | €762 | €1,345 |
| Effect on the real GDP level | -€26 | -€103 | -€233 |
Annual recurring cloud-service price effects
€ million, 2025 expenditure base
Sector
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €50m | €252m | €503m |
| Medium | €61m | €307m | €614m |
| Broad | €67m | €336m | €672m |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €32m | €160m | €321m |
| Medium | €98m | €490m | €979m |
| Broad | €214m | €1.1bn | €2.1bn |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €82m | €412m | €824m |
| Medium | €159m | €797m | €1.6bn |
| Broad | €281m | €1.4bn | €2.8bn |
Migration and systems-redesign costs
Present value of one-off transition costs, € billion
Sector
Ordinary public support
€ million, public sector
Transition scarcity costs
Present value, € million, public and private sectors combined
Downstream ICT-vendor exposure
Domestic vendors affected, and annual value added at risk
- 4
- Narrow – vendor equivalents affected
- 16
- Medium – vendor equivalents affected
- 37
- Broad – vendor equivalents affected
- €78m
- Narrow – annual value added at risk
- €308m
- Medium – annual value added at risk
- €702m
- Broad – annual value added at risk
Combined delayed cloud and AI benefits
€ billion, forgone productivity gains