Impact by country
Romania
- €4.2bn
- 10-year exposure, Medium scenario
- €2.8bn
- One-off migration cost, Medium
- €118m/yr
- Recurring price effect, Medium
Cost per person in the working-age labour force
Per economically active person (age 20–64), 10-year horizon
| Measure | Narrow | Medium | Broad |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-year total economic exposure | €150 | €527 | €1,126 |
| Effect on the real GDP level | -€2 | -€10 | -€22 |
Annual recurring cloud-service price effects
€ million, 2025 expenditure base
Sector
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €12m | €60m | €120m |
| Medium | €15m | €74m | €147m |
| Broad | €16m | €80m | €161m |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €34m | €169m | €338m |
| Medium | €103m | €516m | €1bn |
| Broad | €226m | €1.1bn | €2.3bn |
| Scenario | Per year | 5 years | 10 years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow | €46m | €229m | €459m |
| Medium | €118m | €590m | €1.2bn |
| Broad | €242m | €1.2bn | €2.4bn |
Migration and systems-redesign costs
Present value of one-off transition costs, € billion
Sector
Ordinary public support
€ million, public sector
Transition scarcity costs
Present value, € million, public and private sectors combined
Downstream ICT-vendor exposure
Domestic vendors affected, and annual value added at risk
- 2
- Narrow – vendor equivalents affected
- 8
- Medium – vendor equivalents affected
- 18
- Broad – vendor equivalents affected
- €39m
- Narrow – annual value added at risk
- €153m
- Medium – annual value added at risk
- €350m
- Broad – annual value added at risk
Combined delayed cloud and AI benefits
€ billion, forgone productivity gains